Iran (Islamic Republic): public holidays, bank holidays, school holidays. Germany celebrates National Unity Day

On December 9, Prime Minister and Supreme Commander Heidar al-Abadi announced the complete and final victory over the Islamic State (1) in Iraq and the restoration of control over the border with Syria. A day later, a military parade took place in Baghdad, and December 10 is now declared an annual national holiday. The jubilation of the Baghdad authorities is understandable - the army has been rehabilitated after the shame of 2014, when six deployed divisions fled in panic, abandoning equipment and weapons, and the threat of taking the country's capital was real...

Now in Iraq they don’t like to remember this, just as it is not customary to talk about the fact that there is a civil war in the country (like in Syria). Residents of the same country found themselves on opposite sides of the barricades, and forcedly, and the number of newcomers “warriors of Islam” is only a small fraction. The IS bogeyman is convenient for those who are interested in the chaos continuing, but being controlled, that is, contributing to the achievement of completely different goals. At the same time, the beneficiaries are located far from the scene of events.

Speaking on the occasion of the “historic victory,” H. al-Abadi said many greetings to the glory of the Iraqi army, special services, and police, paying special attention to the contribution of the Shiite “people’s militia” fighters to the defeat of the enemy, but never mentioned the role of the Kurdish Peshmerga formations. This fact was perceived with particular resentment in Iraqi Kurdistan, and not without reason - the Kurds played a vital role in repelling the onslaught of the attackers and did a lot to ensure that the Baghdad regime survived in the then critical situation.

In Baghdad, they quite deliberately want to “put in their place” the Iraqi Kurds, who organized a referendum on independence at the end of September and spoke out for expanding their rights. In response, tough economic sanctions were introduced, and in mid-October a military operation was carried out, as a result of which Baghdad regained control of all disputed territories, including strategically important oil fields in the Kirkuk area. The success of the action was largely determined by the coordinated actions of Turkey and Iran, which are extremely concerned about the prospect of Kurdish independence due to the fact that they have the same problem on their territory. The results of the referendum showed the desire of the Kurds to gain independence, but then revealed their unwillingness to bear the burden of their own statehood. Today the situation in Iraqi Kurdistan is tense to the limit.

Baghdad has previously kept the autonomy on a starvation diet, failing to fulfill its own legislative obligations, and now it is not without pleasure that they are resorting to collective punishment of the Kurds with economic measures. When H. al-Abadi told the Kurds: “The referendum issue is closed and remains in the past” and added a direct threat: “You will lose everything!”, he was not bluffing. All calls for dialogue with Erbil and compromise are now considered in Baghdad exclusively from the position of dictate and coercive measures. The simplest and most effective method turned out to be a blockade.

On September 29, the federal government introduced a ban on international flights at the airports of Erbil and Sulaymaniyah. The ban is still in effect - even humanitarian cargo is allowed only with the personal permission of the Prime Minister of Iraq. Sulaymaniyah airport director Tahir Abdellah says: "There is no hope of opening our airports in the near future." Meanwhile, reports appeared in the media about the intention of the Iraqi federal authorities to create an international airport in Kirkuk, and use the airports of Erbil and Sulaymaniyah only for domestic flights.

The air embargo is costing Iraqi Kurdistan nearly half a million dollars a day, but this is nothing compared to losses from oil exports from fields that have come under central government control and cuts in federal funding. The crisis took its toll very quickly: due to a lack of money, a month later the Kurdistan authorities began cutting salaries, and then stopped payments altogether. Shops began to close one after another, the standard of living began to plummet, and on December 17, mass protests against the lack of wages and services began in the autonomy.

Unrest gripped many Kurdish cities: Sulaymaniyah, Halabja, Ranni and others. Demonstrators set fire to government buildings and destroyed the offices of political parties, not only the ruling Kurdistan Democratic Party, but also others. Security forces were forced to open warning fire and use special equipment, and a state of emergency was declared in the city of Kifri. The reaction from Baghdad was Jesuitical: Prime Minister H. al-Abadi called on the Kurdistan authorities to “respect peaceful demonstrations” and said that he rejected any measures that deprive protesters of their “constitutional right to freedom of speech and peaceful protest.” At the same time, the head of the Cabinet of Ministers emphasized that the government will not be able to provide salaries to civil servants of the Kurdistan region in full, since the information received from Erbil does not seem reliable to Baghdad. In Iraq's draft budget for 2018, which is currently being considered by parliament, the autonomy's contributions are also significantly cut.

On December 16, a statement was released by Iraq's top Shiite religious leader, Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani, calling on the government to “avoid past mistakes” and focus on the next stage - the restoration of war-torn areas, the return of refugees and displaced persons, the fight against corruption, which is no less the fight against ISIS is important, if not more important. A member of the anti-corruption committee in the Iraqi parliament, Ardalan Nuraddin, admitted that Iraq is the most corrupt country after Sudan, and the level of corruption in the country cannot be measured. According to him, corruption in Iraq has already crossed the red line, especially during the tenure of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. The situation has not improved under the current government: the legislator claims that there are materials about 40,000 cases of corruption involving high-ranking officials, and all statements by al-Abadi about combating this phenomenon are nothing more than comments for the media. According to the deputy, huge sums were stolen in the oil sector and in arms deals.

Against this background, a group of Shiite members of the Iraqi parliament decided in early December to return to the issue that they considered the most pressing - the consideration of amendments to the Personal Status Law, which defines the provisions governing marriage. The amendments effectively legalize marital rape (a husband has the right to have sex with his wife, even if she does not want it), prohibit women from leaving the house without the permission of their spouse, and in case of divorce, all children over two years old automatically become the guardianship of the father. The most egregious provisions concern changes in the age of marriage - it is proposed to reduce it for boys to 15 years, and for girls, or rather girls, to 9 years!

The first attempt to introduce such a norm was made back in 2003, a couple of months after the American occupation, but then this initiative was blocked by the administration of Paul Bremer, who considered it too democratic. The next time the topic arose during the 2014 parliamentary elections; the adoption of such amendments was one of the election promises of then Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki; the government approved the bill, and the matter remained with the parliament. The cards were confused by the outbreak of a large-scale civil war, when parliamentarians rushed to buy property abroad and pack their bags. Now, in their opinion, the threat has passed, and the time has come for a final consideration of this pressing topic.

The argument of the supporters of the amendments is simple: Aisha, one of the wives of the Prophet Muhammad, was betrothed to him at the age of 6, and married at the age of 9. The enlightened part of Iraqi society is protesting, the UN noted that these changes in legal norms could lead to violations by Iraq of its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Various non-governmental and human rights organizations made rather harsh appeals, but the criticism had no impact: if in 2014 the press secretary of the Ministry of Justice (it was the one that introduced the draft) said: “There are people who don’t like this law, but we don’t care about them, because they are opponents of Islam,” then now the supporters of the amendments have a new trump card: “We are not interested in the opinion about the institution of the family from countries where same-sex marriage is approved at the legislative level.”

1) The organization is banned in Russia.

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Since 1990 a national holiday in Germany, celebrated in accordance with the Treaty of German Unification on October 3, the day the GDR joined the Federal Republic of Germany, informs “vedmochka.net”. Is a non-working day. In the Federal Republic of Germany, “German Unity Day” was introduced in 1954 in memory of the events of June 17, 1953 in the GDR and was celebrated on June 17 from 1954 to 1990. After the unification of the country in 1990, the national holiday of the united country was initially supposed to be moved to November 9, the day the Berlin Wall fell. However, since this day was associated with dark periods in German history (the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923 and the November pogroms of 1938), a different date was chosen for the new public holiday - October 3, 1990 - the day of the final unification of the two German states.

The date October 3 was enshrined in Article 2 of the German Unification Treaty of August 31, 1990 as the new date for the celebration of “German Unity Day.” Today, October 3 is the only German public holiday established at the federal level. All other holidays are regulated by the states.

Holiday in the Republic of Korea October 3, 2017 — State formation day. The national holiday of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) is State Foundation Day (Gaecheonjeol), celebrated on October 3. It was established to commemorate the founding of the first Korean kingdom of Gojoseon (ancient Joseon). Gojoseon is considered the first Korean state formation. Its legendary founder is Tangun Wangom. According to the Samguk Yusa chronicle, in 2333 BC. e. he founded a kingdom on the banks of the Taedong and Liaohe rivers. The founding date of ancient Joseon is questioned by most modern scientists, but it is known for sure that it existed until 108 BC. e. Founding Day does not celebrate the actual anniversary of the founding of Joseon, but the day on which, according to legend, Tangun Wangom's father, the son of the king of heaven, came down to Earth to live with people.

In 1909, this day acquired the status of a national holiday. It was originally celebrated on the third day of the tenth month according to the lunar calendar, but in 1949 it was decided to celebrate it on October 3 according to the Gregorian calendar. This holiday is also celebrated in North Korea, but it does not have state status. On this day, a ceremony is held in the Tangun Mausoleum near the capital of the DPRK - Pyongyang.

Holiday in Iraq October 3, 2017 — Independence Day. Iraqi Independence Day is celebrated annually on October 3. This national holiday was established to commemorate the fact that on this day in 1932, Iraq gained independence from Great Britain. The territory of present-day Iraq has been under the rule of various invaders for centuries: for example, in 1258 it was captured by the Mongols, and in 1534 by the Ottoman Turks. Since Baghdad was quite distant from the capital of the Ottoman Empire, real power here usually lay in the hands of governors. During World War I, southern Iraq was invaded by Britain. By 1918, the British had gained control over all of Iraq. Its colonial status was finally approved by the League of Nations at the San Remo Conference: in 1920, Great Britain received a mandate to govern Iraq. In 1921, the Kingdom of Iraq was formed, headed by Emir Faisal from the Hashemite dynasty.

A constitutional monarchy with a bicameral parliament was established in the kingdom, but virtually all the real levers of power remained with Great Britain. On October 3, 1932, formal independence of Iraq from Great Britain was declared. This date is celebrated in Iraq as Independence Day - one of the main national holidays of the state.